Downfall of Macbet Essay Example

Downfall of Macbet Paper Macbets Downfall William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth show three main forces that create the eponym’s downfall. These are the role of the supernatural, the struggle between good and evil and Macbeths ambition guilt and fear. These all combine to create the massive downfall of power that Macbeth experiences during the play. The role of the supernatural has a key part in the creation of the downfall of Macbeths power. This is brought on by many factors associated with the supernatural. The witches are a central part in the supernatural theme. The storms that are associated with the witches whenever they come on stage reflect a violation of the natural order of witch the weather is meant to be. The worst of these storms happens on the night of Duncan’s murder. They also summon the apparitions that give the predictions to Macbeth that lead to his downfall. The siliquy of the dagger shows that Macbeth was completely obsessed with the thoughts of the murder. This would also be a warning sign to the audience that Macbeth was morally unfit to undertake the murder. Banquo’s ghost also portrays this sense of unfitness towards Macbeth’s conscience. We will write a custom essay sample on Downfall of Macbet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Downfall of Macbet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Downfall of Macbet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Macbeth would be experiencing an unstable mind state due to the fact of the supernatural controlling his life. This would have in turn lead to Macbeths downfall. The struggle between good and evil created havoc for Macbeth’s life and therefore contributed to his downfall. The good side is portrayed in Macbeth through noble Banquo and the rightful king Duncan. Macbeth juxtaposes these characters during his downfall. On the contrary there is the evil side of the play. This is portrayed through the witches and their many spells. The most important of these are the apparitions that they use to show Macbeth his future. These are very vague and only tell of the good to come but not of the evil. These trick Macbeth into thinking that everything will be all right. This later contributed to Macbeth’s downfall. Lady Macbeth also portrays evil herself. After finishing the deed of killing Duncan she believes that the blood has stained her â€Å"What will these hands ne’er be clean? † This shows the distracting power that the evil has on the characters. Macbeth also plays part of showing the theme of evil through darkness and blood. The blood on his hands symbolizes the guilt that he has about the murder. He portrays darkness through the line â€Å"stars hide your fires let no light see my backward deep desires† Here Macbeth is taking about how he is almost possessed by the thought of murder. He gets caught up in these thoughts and this is a contributing factor to his downfall. Macbeth’s ambition guilt and fear all had a huge contribution to the downfall that he experienced. Ambition was one of Macbeth’s fatal flaws. This was what ultimately led to his downfall. This was combined with Lady Macbeth’s ambitions. She is the one that suggests entertaining Duncan after hearing the news of the witches’ predictions. If Lady Macbeth hadn’t pushed forward Macbeth’s ambition and convinced him to kill Duncan the whole downfall would not have happened. Guilt was another factor that contributed to Macbeth’s downfall. Macbeth says, â€Å"I could not say ‘amen’†¦ Macbeth will sleep no more†. This puts forward the guilt that Macbeth would have been feeling at the time. Yet after saying this he still does not repent. This guilt then led to fear that Macbeth feels. â€Å"We have scratched the snake not killed it. † This quote is Macbeth referring to the predicament that he is facing. The ambition to kill Duncan that lead to guilt and consequently fear played an important role in Macbeth’s downfall. In William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth we see the eponym face many factors that contribute to his downfall. These are the roles of the supernatural being the witches the daggers and Banquo’s ghost. The struggle between good and particularly evil with Macbeth being sucked in form the good side by the withes and them pushed ahead by Lady Macbeth. This is all combined with Macbeth’s Ambitions guilt and consequently fears. All of these reasons combine to the outcome of Macbeth’s downfall.

Appeasement Now and Before essays

Appeasement Now and Before essays Initially reports suggested the North Koreans fired a Daepondong I ballistic missile over Japan into the Pacific. Later State Department bulletins indicated it was merely an attempt to launch a satellite. Any way you look at it, many disturbing questions about American policy toward North Korea and stability on the Korean peninsula are raised. State Department spokesmen said firing a missile over Japan and into the Pacific did not violate a 1994 agreement freezing North Korea's nuclear weapons program, since this was ostensibly a satellite launch. However the failed satellite launch was tracked for 4000 miles into the Pacific Ocean, a range that could make Alaska and Hawaii vulnerable to a North Korean attack. Although it is not easy to determine motives, the launching of this missile may be designed for Iraq, Iran and Pakistan as much as South Korea. As the leading supplier of nuclear technology to rogue states, North Korea depends on these sales for the only hard currency to be found in this largely impoverished nation. The launch also raises the ante in the "international game of chicken." North Korea delivered a message: If the nuclear plants promised by the U.S. are not built soon and if gifts of oil don't arrive, the next missile fired may be more than a mere satellite launch. Within hours of the missile's Pacific splashdown, State Department Asia hands confirmed the need to underwrite the nuclear plants - a decision that prompted the South Korean government to release $4.6 billion to its neighbor to the north. Like much of what occurs in American life at the moment, intimidation even if indirect, is rewarded. The North Koreans may be facing technical problems for a long range missile, such as not having enough propellant for a third stage, but as former Pentagon officials noted this is not an insuperable problem if they are intent on delivering a first strike to noncontiguous parts of the United S ...

Nutrition Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nutrition - Statistics Project Example Cycle 1 students indicated fruit juice as their favorite drink as compared to Cycle 2 students who indicated Fizzy drinks/Carbonated drinks with high sugar content as their favorite drink. More Cycle 1 students buy snacks/drinks from the cafeteria everyday as compared to Cycle 2 students. Over the last 30 years, the UAE has experienced rapid socio-cultural changes that have been brought about by the growing economy of the Arabian Gulf Region due to the discovery of oil (Bin Zaal, Musaiger and D’Souza 2009). UAE citizens have undergone significant lifestyle changes including a massive transition from deficiency diseases and under nutrition towards degenerative diseases that are associated with over-nutrition. There have been significant changes in food choices leading to a â€Å"nutritional transition† (Al-Haddad, Al-Nuaimi, Little and Thabit, 2000). According to the World Health Organization (2000), nutrition plays a crucial role in affecting the weight of a populace because the changes in economic and social environments have highly significant influences on calorific intake. Physical activity and recreational patterns of people in a given place also play a part in the influences that emanate from effects of nutritional intake. Improper nutrition often leads to a variety of health conditions such as obesity, nutrition deficiency diseases such as goiter, kwashiorkor among others. In the context of the UAE, nutritional challenges have heralded obesity which has resulted into several health concerns. Obesity is described as a medical condition in which body fat accumulates to the extent of causing risks to the health of the victim. It is measured as the Body Mass Index (BMI)- calculated by dividing the weight (Kg) of a person to the person’s square of height (M) (Seidell and Flegal, 1997). One is considered overweight when the BMI is between 25 and obese when the BMI is higher than 30 (Seidell and Flegal, 1997). Students in

Analytic source review and evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analytic source review and evaluation - Essay Example The methodical studies conducted over the last decades regarding the addiction of drugs among the young people, revealed that after a certain period an individual cannot afford the price and gradually gets involved in criminal activities to increase their affordability. In majority instances, such consequences were found to be led by the negligence of parents, guardians or the other members of the society towards the young people. These activities not only hinder the healthy growth of the society, but also restrict social progress in terms of economic divergences, education prospects and governance systems. The objective of the paper will thereby be focused on analysing and evaluating the criminal activities associated with illegal drugs as well as sexual assaults in the modern day context. Discussion Illicit Drugs Illicit drugs habit is often regarded as the major cause of interpersonal violence as well as public health challenges in the modern society. With this concern, the Nation al Drug Intelligence Centre (NDIC) along with many other non-profit organizations have taken initiative and organized a yearly National Drug Threat Assessment (NDTA) that tends to assess the impact of threats related to illicit drug related crimes on the society as well as on the nation at large. Recent reports in this regard revealed that the total cost incurred in relation to illicit drug use was approximated in excess of $193 billion in the year 2007. The cost was estimated focusing on three major principal areas i.e. crime, health and aggregate productivity of the state or region. The component of crime cost is fundamentally based on three major factors that include criminal justice system costs, crime victim costs as well as other crime costs. In addition, health related issues and costs include four major components i.e. emergency departmental costs in the hospitals for homicide and non-homicide cases, speciality treatment and medicine costs, insurance administration costs and other health related costs. Nonetheless, the productivity costs and issues are also associated with some direct and indirect components such as labour participation costs, pre-mature mortality costs and the costs incurred due to harm of education as well as lack of societal growth (U.S. Department of Justice, 2011). When considering the global trend, people addicted by illegal drugs and related crimes in England and Wales were reported to constitute around three million adults in the year 2011-2012. This proportionate was further affirmed to account for around 8.9% of the total population in England. Another significant attribute of the trend exhibited that in majority cases, the offenders were young where minors aged 16 years to old aged people of 59 years were also identified involved in such crimes (The Independent, 2012). According to the research study of Payne-James & et. al. (2005), it was found that the drug addiction is especially notices among the unemployed persons. Cons equentially, 80% drug habituates have been reported to be spending their life suffering from several mental as well as physical health issues. At the onset, mental and financial problems can be identified as the main causes of such offences which might be caused due to social complexities or monetary troubles often faced by young generation people (Payne-James & et. al., 2005). Besides, as exhibited by Payne-James & et.

Critically appraise the application of traditional capital budgeting Assignment

Critically appraise the application of traditional capital budgeting techniques - Assignment Example At the same time, many business organizations failed to survive stiff market competition and subsequently went out of the market. The last decade witnessed a series of corporate scandals and bank failures due to poor managerial accountability and ineffective corporate governance practices. Hence, today’s managements give particular focus to corporate governance principles and long term business decisions. In this context, the concept of capital budgeting is of considerable significance because it evaluates future cash inflows and outflows on a prospective business project and thereby determines it potentiality. After the global financial crisis 2008-09, capital budgeting is specifically considered to be an integral part of the financial management. This paper clearly describes how the capital budgeting technique can contribute to the long term sustainability of business organizations. In addition, the influence of capital budgeting on managerial efficiency and organizational p erformance is also explained in this paper. Some recent developments in the application of capital budgeting have increased this method’s relevance in the modern business context. ... back period, net present value, accounting rate of return, internal rate of return, equivalent annuity, profitability index, real options valuation, and modified internal rate of return (Drury & Tayles 1997). The method used for capital budgeting may vary with regard to the change in size of the business. Simply, capital budgeting is a tool used for long term decision making. Although capital budgeting is traditionally used for making sound long term investment decisions, many other real-life applications of this technique have been developed recently. Capital budgeting is a complex process and therefore careful management of this process is vital to achieve the desired outcomes. A post project audit is conducted to evaluate the completed project. More precisely, under a capital investment project, actual cash inflows and other benefits are compared with figures forecasted at the time of project appraisal. This paper will analyze the objectives of capital budgeting, recent developmen ts in its applications, and the role of post-completion auditing. 2. Capital Budgeting and Post Completion Auditing Capital budgeting can be simply referred to the planning process deployed to evaluate whether or not a firm’s long term investments including new plants, new machinery and products, and research and development project are worth pursuing. In a broader sense, â€Å"capital budgeting can be defined as the analysis of a proposed investment that is a long-term asset used by the business to yield a return over a period of time that is greater than one year† (Williamson et al 2008, n.a). Management experts argue that capital budgeting can also enhance the growth of non-profit organizations because potential long term investment decision would assist those institutions to expand

A Midwifery Community Profile Health And Social Care Essay

A Midwifery Community Profile Health And Social Care Essay This community profile is based on an area in the outskirts of Glasgow and the objective is to identify the current provisions of maternity care and other health care services, which cater for the needs of the local population in the physical, emotional, intellectual and social needs for groups in the community, additionally, commenting on any deficits in care. Health promotions have been identified as resources that will enhance the health of this specific communitys health and are included in the profile. Also, the role and contribution of the midwifery services is explored, along with other primary healthcare providers and how they use teamwork to deliver healthcare to the community. Professional and ethical issues have been discussed throughout the profile and as all aspects of health are unrelated and interdependent, (Ewles Simnett, 1992: Ch1 p7), a holistic and professional view has been taken to evaluate the needs, and health services of this community. The RCM believes that truly woman-centered care must encompass midwifery-led care of normal pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period and services that are planned and delivered close to women and the communities in which they live or work, (NHS Evidence, 2008). This statement shows the importance of a community midwife, as their role is to not only provide the clinical skills, but also be accessible for support and advice at the time of much adjustment for a woman. If the midwife can become a part of the womans community, getting to know the woman and her family more personally, learning to understand their lives and the nature of the life around them, she will be able to be more responsive and understanding to them as individuals, and move away from the depersonalization of the institution. Individual societies each have their own specific needs and characteristics, and it is vital for a midwife to know her area well in order to respond appropriately, along with poverty levels and racial mixes (Fraser and Cooper 2009, p. 43). Community-based care can be in the home or in community hospitals and centers, but is a process that emphasizes consultation, collaboration, and referral to the professionals who are most appropriately prepared to meet the women ¹s needs (Walsh, 2001). It is also vital that women are educated and women should be given appropriate, accurate and unbiased information based on research that would allow and encourage them to make informed choices in relation to their care (Baston Green, 2002). Women from different backgrounds, and areas can often have very contrasting education levels and as a midwife, it is essential to know your neighborhood well in order to take these into consideration when communicating with a woman. The area chosen for this community profile is in the south west of Glasgow, which will now be referred to as area X, with a population of 10,024 (RDC Registrar Generals Census, 2001). Table 1: Age Distribution Area X Indicator Number Percentage Population aged 0-15 2,400 23.9% Population ages 16-64 6,463 64.5% Population aged 65+ 1161 11.6% The majority of the population is in the age range 16-64 years and the relevant health care services in the community for this group are the antenatal clinics, family planning and screening clinics. Graph 1: Hospital admissions for heart disease Area X With respect to the social and economical characteristics of the area, this graph shows the volume of people admitted to hospital for heart disease in Area X. Heart disease is more accurately described now as a disease of social and economical disadvantage and poverty (Blackburn, 1991:Ch2 p36) and the major risk factors contributing to heart disease are smoking and diet. These lifestyle factors also may echo a life associated with lower social class (Bond Bond, 1994: Ch 4 p 70). Nearly half of the houses in Area X are owner occupied, and that amount can be split into two; ex-council houses and private housing estates. The other half are tenanted homes, renting either from the council or private renting. Almost a quarter of all homes in the area suffer from overcrowding. These statistics indicate there are many occupants of tenement flats and these tend to be low-income families who have little or no choice about the type or standard of accommodation they live in (Blackburn, 1991). Higher income groups tend to live in the private housing sector, and have choices in the location and type of heating which are important influences affecting the health of families (Lowry, 1991). Table 2: Housing Area X Indicator Number Percentage Owner Occupiers 1,851 41.1% Overcrowding 1,000 22.2% (RDC Registrar Generals Census, 2001). Glasgow is home to the most workless households in the UK, according to the Office for National Statistics, (ONS). Figures measured in 2007 indicate 29% of households in the Glasgow City council area had members of working age who were unemployed (BBC, 2009). Area X also has a high percentage of people unemployed according to Scotlands Census from 2001, with both those who are unemployed and claiming and those who are economically inactive. Long-term unemployment can be a self-perpetuating cycle that leads to low morale and poor health (NHS: Greater Glasgow, 2005). Other effects of unemployment are the increased rates of depression, particularly in the young-who form most of the group who have never worked (BMJ, 2009). It is obvious from this that unemployment can alter both our mental and physical state, and in Area X almost 40% of the population of children live in a workless household, which would also have an influence on these childrens quality of life. Table 3: Unemployment Area X Indicator Number Percentage Unemployed Claimants 360 5.8% Economically inactive 3,128 43.6% Children in workless households 1.010 38.9% (RDC Registrar Generals Census, 2001). The role and contribution of midwifery services in Area X are vital in supporting childbearing women and their families, through a holistic approach. It is very important that midwives had a good understanding of social, cultural and context differences so that they can respond to the womens needs in a variety of care settings This is attained by an integrated midwifery service being part of an expert multidisciplinary team, allowing midwives to draw on other organizations to meet the holistic needs of individual women and providing a complete range of services. (Fraser Cooper 2009, p. 7). Midwives in Area X use the local hospital, and local health centers for antenatal and postnatal clinics, as well as parentcraft classes, working along side hospital doctors and GPs. The GP usually confirms the pregnancy and thereafter, an appointment is given to the woman to be introduced to the community midwife for a Booking visit, as these midwives often better understand social situations through working in the area. The women are generally referred, by the GP, to either the local hospital or a nearby health clinic to meet one of the midwives who work in Area X. These midwives work in teams of around 5, covering 2 or 3 certain postcodes in Glasgow each, and each team named after a colour to make it simple for women and their families to understand which group of community midwives they will be receiving care from, e.g. The Blue Team. This system also works well as it allows a certain degree of continuity as each woman will only be seen by the community midwives in her allocated t eam. Continuity of carer and care has been a key policy principle since the early 1990s. Research evidence demonstrates that women value continuity of carer in the antenatal and postnatal period (Waldenstrom Turnbull 1998, Homer et al 2000, Page 2009). Working in Area X requires a high level of continuity in care as it has a lower social class and experiences problems related to pregnancy such as 49.9% of the population of Area X are smokers. Other statistics for Area X include 38.6% of women smoking during pregnancy, a total of 160 women over a 3 year total. It is well known by midwives and obstetricians that smoking in pregnancy is associated with well recognized health problems and as midwives usually have the most professional contact with pregnant women, they have an important role in providing this advice and support (Buckley, 2000). Glasgow has a very well-organised network of smoke-free pharmacy services who provide NRT for smoking cessation services. They monitor carbon monoxide levels on a weekly basis and only dispense NRT if the breath test is negative (Mcgowan et al, 2008). Smoking cessation services are provided for Area X by specialist midwives, allowing continuity during pregnancy. These midwives speak to the woman and let them know what is available, without pushing them into quitting, and find out what their thoughts and feelings are, focusing on how good it is when women want to stop smoking. The chief executive of ASH Scotland, Sheila Duffy, stated in 2010 life expectancy, health problems, smoking rates, and deaths fro m smoking are all markedly different between Scotlands richest and poorest communities. Research in Scotland has found that smoking is a greater source of health inequality than social class. This shows clearly that deprived areas such as Area X are at the greatest risk of being affected by smoking issues. 43% of adults who live in deprived areas smoke, compared with 9% in the least deprived areas and this is shown in the prevalence of tobacco related diseases and deaths. 32% of deaths in Scotlands most deprived areas are due to smoking compared to 15% in the most affluent (Duffy, 2010). This is also reflected in the rates of newborn deaths as the death rate for newborn babies is more than twice as high in deprived towns compared with affluent areas and the high rate of deaths in poor areas was linked to premature delivery or birth defects (BBC, 2010). This leads on to why so many pregnant women smoke in deprived areas, such as Area X. Smokers typically report that cigarettes calm t hem down when they are stressed and help them to concentrate and work more effectively (Jarvis, 2004), and this prospect could be highly desirable to those suffering from stress and anxiety due to financial problems and other socio-economic factors such as low employment, high crime rates, poor housing and poor health care. Graph 2: Nicotine intake and social deprivation. Data from health survey for England (1993, 1994, 1996) As reported in the recent Midwifery Practice Audit 1996-1997 (END, 1997), midwives are the lead professionals in providing care for childbearing women. However, midwives need to acknowledge that other health-care professionals also contribute to each womans experience. Midwives work together with other professionals within the primary health-care team, providing integrated approaches to care delivery. Midwives have to use their own skills and expertise with the knowledge of how to access the expertise of other practitioners when required, allowing the women to receive holistic care (Houston S M, 1998). In the recent programme of work Midwifery 2020, a statement was made that women should be cared for in a multi-agency and multi-professional environment and NHS providers should have a collaborative working relationship with all other agencies based on mutual trust and respect to ensure that women and families receive optimum support. They should also ensure clear understanding of role s and facilitate effective communication between professionals and other agencies (Midwifery 2020, 2010). The first booking visit for antenatal care is important and a successful visit lays the foundation for building that special relationship between mother and the midwifery services on which so much depends (Cronk Flint, 1989:ch2 p9). The visit enables the midwife to establish any physical, psychological or social needs that will form the basis of the womans plan of care. In area X, the booking visit also allows midwives to inform the woman about the Healthy Start programme. Healthy Start is the Department of Health Welfare Food Scheme that helps pregnant women and eligible families, with children under 5, buy milk, fresh fruit and vegetables, infant feeding formula milk, and receive free vitamin supplements (NHSGCC, 2010). This is a clear example of how health services have integrated to allow women all the benefits they are entitled to, helping them achieve the best possible ex perience throughout their pregnancy. As the pregnancy progresses, parentcraft education classes are offered to prepare women for the birth experience (Jamieson, 1993) and raise awareness to the advantages of breastfeeding, giving support to mothers who choose to breastfeed. Area X presents midwives with many teenage pregnancies and antenatal services should be flexible enough to meet the needs of all women, bearing in mind the needs of those from the most disadvantaged, vulnerable and less articulate groups in society are of equal if not more importance (Lewis, 2001). As Area X is a deprived area, this contributes greatly to the teenage pregnancy statistics and throughout the developed world, teenage pregnancy is more common among young people who have been disadvantaged in childhood and have poor expectations of education or the job market. Teenagers seem to be more likely to have sexual intercourse if they come from the lower social classes or unhappy home backgrounds. Another explanation may be that many young people lack accurate knowledge about contraception, STIs, what to expect in relationships and what it will mean to be a parent (Allen, 2002). There are also serious psychological concerns related to teenage pregnancy, which the midwives in Area X must address while working with these girls. The teenage years are a time of much change and difficulty without the added stress and anxiety of a pregnancy, birth and finally motherhood. It is a midwifes duty to give the necessary advice and proper holistic care, hopefully improving the service provision and having a good obstetric outcome. Comprehensive holistic antenatal care programmes specifically for pregnant teenagers have been found to be effective in reducing poor maternal outcomes (Fullerton, 1997). For teenage pregnancies in Area X, there is a specific midwife who will be contacted at the booking visit and will be a support network for girls 18 and under, available at all times for advice, encouraging continuity and individualized, spec ific care for young mums. To conclude, through writing this community profile on Area X, I have discovered how difficult it is to work as a midwife in the community, especially in a deprived area such as Area X. From reading a large variety of articles on the psychological and social effects of poverty on pregnancy, there is much evidence that poverty has a significant effect on midwifery practice, and these women need the best care plan possible to ensure a positive experience. By having an awareness of the restrictions poverty can inflict on pregnancy and childbirth, the midwife can adapt her skills and provide care accordingly, keeping in mind aspects such as smoking during pregnancy and teenage pregnancies (Salmon et al, 1998). There is a reoccurring trend throughout this community profile confirming the link between lower socio-economic status and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as prematurity, and the midwife is ideally placed to help identify and manage stresses, as it has been a very important conseq uence for the health and wellbeing of both mother and infant (Alderdice Lynn, 2009). Working in Area X on clinical placement has given me an insight into the importance of individualized care, as every woman is in a different situation and therefore has different needs, socially and psychologically. Some women may need more specialized care and support than others, however they are all of equal importance. Investigating the role of the midwifery service in Glasgow has opened my eyes to how both the midwives and the primary health care team deals with problems, and how without integrating health services, it would not be possible to give women the best possible care. Only by working as an integrated team with users will health inequalities be reduced, social exclusion be limited and public health become relevant and cost-effective (Henderson, 2002). The importance of involving women in decisions about their care has long been part of the everyday practice of midwives (Proctor, 1998) , and the importance of communication has been highlighted to me clearly throughout this community study, and through my placement, forcing me to realize how important it is for a midwife to fulfill her role. References: NHS Health Scotland (2004) Greater Shawlands; a community health and well-being profile [Online] Available at: http://www.scotpho.org.uk/nmsruntime/saveasdialog.asp?lID=604sID=1268 [Accessed 16 December 2010] NHS Greater Glasgow, South East Glasgow Community Health and Care Partnership (2006) Health Improvement Plan 2006-07 Draft [Online] Available at: http://library.nhsggc.org.uk/mediaAssets/library/health_improvement_plan_2006-07_south_east_glasgow.pdf [Accessed 20 December 2010] NHS Evidence National Library of Guidelines (2008) Women centered care (position statement) [Online] Available at: http://www.library.nhs.uk/GUIDELINESFINDER/ViewResource.aspx?resID=30150 [Accessed 2 January 2011] Griffin K, Maternity, Gateshead Health NHS (2009) Pregnancy: Weight Matters [Online] Available at: http://www.gatesheadhealth.nhs.uk/patients-visitors/patient-leaflets/documents/Obstetrics/IL206%20Pregnancy%20Weight%20Matters.pdf [Accessed 2 January 2011] Fraser D M Cooper M A eds (2009) Myles Textbook for Midwives 15th ed. Churchill Livingstone, London Nursing Midwifery Council (2008) The code in full [Online] Available at: http://www.nmc-uk.org/aArticle.aspx?ArticleID=3056 [Accessed 2 January 2011] Walsh L V (2001) Midwifery: Community-Based Care During the Childbearing Year Saunders, USA Baston H A Green J M (2002) Community Midwives role perceptions British Journal of Midwifery, Vol 10, No1 Community Councils Glasgow, Arden, Carnwadric, Kennishead Old Darnley (2008) Local history and Geography [Online] Available at: http://www.communitycouncilsglasgow.org.uk/dack/PlainText/PlainText.aspx?SectionId=4bf12ad1-a06e-4f7f-9a24-1f7fc2522504 [Accessed 3 January 2011] Bond J Bond S (1994) Sociology and Health Care (2nd ed), Ch 4, p 70, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh Cronk M Flint C (1989) Community Midwifery: A Practical Guide, Ch2, p 9, Heinemann Nursing, Oxford Ewles L Simnett I (1992) Promoting Health: A Practical Guide, (2nd ed), Scutari Press, Middlesex Fuller G, Award Finalist: NHS Greater Glasgow (2005) Complementary Medicine [Online] Available at: http://www.cipd.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/FAD0C2B3-5901-4AE5-A1B9-4524C770521B/0/pmawrd05nhs.pdf [Accessed 2 January 2011] BBC News Scotland (2009) Glasgow has the worst UK unemployment [Online] Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/8000029.stm [Accessed 3 January 2011] Lowry S (1991) Housing and Health, British Medical Journal, London Blackburn C (1991) Poverty and Health, Ch 2, pp32-36, Open University Press, Buckingham Dorling D, BMJ (2009) Unemployment and Health [Online] Available at: http://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b829.full [Accessed 3 January 2011] Houston S M (1999) Multi-professional education programmes in midwifery British Journal of Midwifery, Vol 7 No 1, p 32 NHS Scotland, Midwifery 2020 (2010) Core role of the Midwife Workstream [Online] Available at: http://www.midwifery2020.org/documents/2020/Core_Role.pdf [Accessed 4 January 2011] Homer, C et al. (2000) What do women feel about community based antenatal care? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 24, pp. 590-595. Buckley E R (2000) Helping pregnant women stop smoking British Journal of Midwifery, Vol 8 No 10, pp. 101-103 Mcgowan A, Hamilton S, Barnett D, Nsofor M, Proudfoot J Tappin J M (2008) Breathe: The stop smoking service for pregnant women in Glasgow Midwifery 26, e1-e31, Elsevier, Glasgow ASH Scotland, Duffy S (2010) Deaths from smoking in deprived areas double that of affluent [Online] Available at: http://www.ashscotland.org.uk/media/recent-press-releases/deaths-from-smoking-double-in-deprived-areas [Accessed 4 January 2011] BBC News Health (2010) Newborn deaths higher in deprived areas [Online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11899900 [Accessed 4 January 2011] Jarvis M J (2004) Why people smoke British Medical Journal, Vol 328 No 7434 Lewis, G (ed) (2001) Why Mothers Die 1997- 1999: the fifth report of the confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the United Kingdom. London: RCOD Press Fullerton D (1997) Preventing and reducing the adverse effects of teenage pregnancy. Health Visit 70(5): 197-9 Allen E J (2002) Aims and associations of reducing teenage pregnancy British Journal of Midwfery, Vol 11 No 6, pp.366-367 Salmon D Powell J (1998) Caring for women in poverty: a critical review British Journal of Midwifery, Vol 6 No 2, pp. 108-111 Alderdice F Lynn F (2009) Stress in pregnancy: identifying and supporting women British Joural of Midwifery, Vol 17 No9, p 553 Proctor S (1998) Womens reactions to their experience of maternity care British Journal of Midwifery, Vol 7 No 8, p 492 Henderson C (2002) The public health role of a midwife British Journal of Midwifery, Vol 10 No 5, p 268

School Violence and Safety Promotion :: School Violence Shootings Safety Essays

Increase in school violence Over the past several years, incidents of school violence have intensified. Disasters like the shootings at Columbine High School are not unheard of, and precautions for school safety are on the minds of numerous communities. Johnson and Johnson claim that â€Å"Teaching is different from what it used to be. Fifty years ago, the main disciplinary problems were running in the halls, talking out of turn, and chewing gum. Today’s transgressions include physical and verbal violence, incivility, and in some schools, drug abuse, robbery, assault, and murder† (1995). When examining school violence, researchers have begun to investigate how society has redefined violence as normal and acceptable, claiming that this is the root of the problem. In addition, I have considered other factors that lead to violence in schools. As violence increases, pressure for safe and orderly schools does the same. I feel that the first step to ensuring school safety is to work with the stud ents themselves to establish a safe school. The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the occurrences of violence in schools across the United States and to articulate strategies to promote school safety. Two forms of school violence When assessing violence, it is important to know that it occurs in two major forms. First, violence can penetrate the climate of schools, allowing negative events to escalate into increasingly damaging patterns. The second form of school violence entails random mayhem, where the school is simply the setting (Hill & Hill, 19). An example of the latter form is the sniper shooting that occurred at Walt Whitman High School on October 8, 2002. Both forms of school violence among young people in society are increasing, forcing educators to search desperately for causes. Causes of school violence One cause of this increase in school violence is the fact that society is slowly beginning to redefine violence as normal and acceptable. What is probably most alarming is that violence is becoming so commonplace in many communities and schools that it is considered the norm rather than the exception. Johnson and Johnson believe that the media is most responsible for children falsely believing that violence is acceptable: Mass media influence how people view violence and deviant behavior. Some television shows obliterate or obscure the boundaries that society has created between good and evil, public and private, shame and pride (Abt & Seeholtz 1994)†¦Killing is sometimes portrayed as understandable and righteous when it advances a certain point of view on a controversial issue.

Memento opening scene

Memento is a film about a man, called Lenny, who seeks to find the man who raped and killed his wife during a burglary. What makes this harder for him is that he suffers from short-term memory loss. To cope with his condition, he takes many photographs with his Polaroid camera and tattoos his body in order to direct him to the man who killed his wife. The film is directed by Christopher Nolan, and Guy Pearce stars as Lenny. The film opens with slow, peaceful music. The music chosen by Nolan is perfect; it gives the audience a calm peaceful atmosphere, settling the audience to contrast what is to come soon on. Additionally, as one note changes to the other, the previous note can still be heard, fading into the background until gone, much like Lenny's memory. The credits fade into blue, and then fade out to white. This is a perfect representation of Lenny's memory; because as he learns about the past it quickly fades away. The choice of colours Nolan chose are very effective. White represents purity and innocence, this is chosen well as Lenny believes he is doing the right thing, yet he lacks depth stability to hold onto his memories, which is commonly associated with the colour blue. After part of the credits, a Polaroid picture appears on the screen. Held by a clean, gentle looking hand. On the picture, we see a dead body, with large amounts of blood on the wall behind it. Nolan does this to make the audience feel the aggression and power of the kill. Despite this, the calm and peaceful atmosphere still lingers, the music still plays and we notice the background is green, unlike the white background in the picture. This and safe looking hand, gives the audience some distance from the murder, making them feel safer and further away from the murder. Because of this, the audience will feel upset for the Lenny who is holding it. Lenny begins shaking the Polaroid, and the ink begins to fade away. This tells the audience that the scene is actually in reverse. Nolan does this because we, like Lenny, do not know any events that have occurred in the past. The audience also learn at this point that the movie will be is a ‘reverse mode'. The scenes are chronologically going in reverse but they are actually played forwards. The ink fades from the Polaroid completely, and the camera angle changes and begins to follow the Polaroid until the picture was taken. Once Lenny moves the camera from his face, the audience sees Lenny for the first time. He looks nervous, and the scratch on his face discourages us from believing that the clean hand holding the photo earlier is actually him. Also the music stops at the camera flash, and the audience feelings change to the new music playing; eerie and suspicious. The hand was misleading, as well as the colour of the walls seen in the previous shot. This makes the audience become suspicious about Lenny, and to wonder why he is really there. Our feelings for Lenny have completely changed as we discover more about him. The audience first felt that he was a good guy, but now the audience are starting to believe that Lenny is a cold-hearted murdered. Nolan arouses these suspicious to draw the audience into the story. Nolan gives hints in the scene that Lenny has killed before. Firstly, when we see his face, his expression is rather dull and emotionless, and shows no regret or guilt what so ever. Nolan also makes a clear connection between the camera and a gun. For example, Lenny slips his camera out of the inside of his jacket like it was a gun. The camera flash also sounds like a bullet is being fired. Furthermore this heightens our feelings on Lenny, making us even more suspicious about Lenny. As the scene goes on, we see blood climbing up Teddy's skin. This is a very powerful clip as it extends the brutality seen previously in the Polaroid. The gore of it sends the audience a shock, and emphasis the power of the kill. The extreme close up of the bullet overpowers the audience, and leaves a cold shadow over them. It informs the audience that it was defiantly murder that had taken place, and that it was by a gun. The glasses, thought bloodstained and cracked, stereotype an intelligent, good person. We assume that whomever they belonged too was innocent of death, and therefore making the audience feel worse about Lenny. Glasses usually help one to see better, yet with no face behind them the audience themselves find it hard to see the mystery of the man, and therefore making his death seem unreasonable. The low angle shot of Lenny makes the audience feel smaller than he is, making him seem more dominant, powerful and threatening. Nolan does this to keep pressuring the thought on the audience that Lenny is the killer. In conclusion, Nolan uses many effects in the first scene to establish a general feeling from the audience, that Lenny is a killer. Nolan has used various types of effects to deliver his messages.

Research and Evaluation essays

Research and Evaluation essays The article containing the hypothesis used by the research study this paper will discuss is the Teachers' Gestures Facilitate Students' Learning: A Lesson in Symmetry, authored by Valenzeno, Alibali, and Klatzky. The research study, on the other hand, has a document title of Understanding Change in Mathematical Reasoning: Evidence from Speech and Gesture, Valenzeno, Alibali, and Klatzky's article hypothesized that teacher's gestures, as accompanied by speech, enables students to improve comprehension skills and learning abilities. They explained that gestures are forms of abstract that provide supplementary information to students. Through pointing to objects or making hand motions relevant to what is currently being spoken, students can develop association of information Based from the results of a conducted experiment by Valenzeno, Alibali, and Klatzky, they came up with the hypothesis that gestures facilitate students' learning. They carried out an experiment where children are asked to view two types of videotaped lecture on symmetry. The first type shows an explanation using speech and gesture, while the second type shows an explanation using speech alone. After viewing the videotapes, Valenzeno, Alibali, and Klatzky found that the children who viewed the speech-and- gesture lecture showed more understanding on symmetry and asymmetry. Valenzeno, Alibali, and Klatzky's hypothesis was used in Martha Alibali's research study. Martha Alibali's paper aims to provide evidences and inferences from written articles and studies on the effectiveness of applying gestures in speech while conveying Martha Alibali used a number of references to validate her study, and one of the references she used is Valenzeno et.al's article. Her study aims to investigate the effects of using non-verbal communication with verbal ...

Free Essays on Abortions a Matter of Choise

Abortion A MATTER OF CHOICE The topic of abortion is one of the most controversial of our times. It has caused countless deaths and several violent confrontations between the two separate parties of opinion. The fight between pro-life and pro-choice supporters has been long and brutal. This is because, despite what several people may believe, abortion is neither right nor wrong. It is a matter of personal opinion. In this way, each side can say with certainty that the other is wrong. Therefore the question remains; should abortion be legal? Though some may disagree on this point, the fact is that legalized abortion is the only option that will protect the lives of American citizens. One only needs to look into American history to see the results of prohibiting abortions to women. The violence which occurs today because the of pro-choice/pro-life conflicts is minimal in comparison to the thousands of hopeless women who turned to the illegal abortions either self-inflicted or preformed by the backroom _______________________________________________... Free Essays on Abortions a Matter of Choise Free Essays on Abortions a Matter of Choise Abortion A MATTER OF CHOICE The topic of abortion is one of the most controversial of our times. It has caused countless deaths and several violent confrontations between the two separate parties of opinion. The fight between pro-life and pro-choice supporters has been long and brutal. This is because, despite what several people may believe, abortion is neither right nor wrong. It is a matter of personal opinion. In this way, each side can say with certainty that the other is wrong. Therefore the question remains; should abortion be legal? Though some may disagree on this point, the fact is that legalized abortion is the only option that will protect the lives of American citizens. One only needs to look into American history to see the results of prohibiting abortions to women. The violence which occurs today because the of pro-choice/pro-life conflicts is minimal in comparison to the thousands of hopeless women who turned to the illegal abortions either self-inflicted or preformed by the backroom _______________________________________________...

Programming MS Excel to freeze panes Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Programming MS Excel to freeze panes - Article Example The same applies to when applying to more than one column. However, to implement freezing panes on the first column, you choose the first column under the freeze submenu. After using the freeze panes, in either case, you remove by selecting unfreeze panes. The purpose of using freezing panes is to maintain your track on cells, and rows or columns of data that you feel are vital when making navigations through the worksheet. Further, it is very vital when working with an extreme number of rows and columns. It is so because irrespective of where you are scrolling, the headings will always be visible thus making it easier to relate where the data belongs. The user is said to remain in perspective with the data concerned. Freezing panes differs from the views in the database. First, freezing panes aims to keep a section of the worksheet visible i.e. keep its state constant to allow the user to relate to other parts of the worksheet especially when there are many columns and rows involved. Views, on the other hand, retrieve information from data store that meets the particular criterion. In essence, database views are more flexible (Lightstone, Teorey & Nadeau, 2007). The results it can return is custom to users needs and covers a wider scope as compared to freezing panes in Excel that has a predefined way of using it. Further, freezing panes is strictly restricted to navigation where some section is mobile while the others are constant whereas views deal with

See attach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

See attach - Essay Example According to the play paragraph presented, the relation between the speaker and other people has been affected by his mentality or perception towards them. He sees other people as advantaged having compared his daily occurrences to theirs. According to his perception, his life occurrences are the worst compared to any other person. All these can be proven by the utterances in the last four sentences of the given play paragraph. The speaker in the last paragraph of the play admits that he cannot meet his full objective based on his personality and set to fake and try a new pattern. As per my perception, the speaker is very intelligent and trusts his personality. This can be proven by his words in the first three sentences that he is determined to prove villain since he cannot prove a lover in the fair well-spoken days (Wells, 32). The speaker is a hard working and determined person. His change of pattern shows that he is a character that can go to extreme to achieve his desire. This can be explained by his utterance in the seventh sentence of the given paragraph. In this sentence, the speaker plots to set his brother Clarence and the king in a deadly hate to prove villain (Wells, 32). Comparing the two lines of the play paragraphs, the speaker failed in accomplishing his life desire in the right path as those who chose the villain path succeed. This has brought a change in the speaker’s perception about his personality that he is set to abandon his personality achieve his desire. The soul reason is to prove villain and drive people back to reality. As per my perception, induction is always the best mode of logical thought though surrounded by minor setbacks (Wells, 34). Induction is a slow process that is based on reality while deduction is based on presumption that tends to drive people to the shortest way possible to achieve their life desire. According to the first paragraph, the